|
Expression of racism in Latvia include racist discourse by politicians and in the media, as well as racially motivated attacks. European Commission against Racism and Intolerance notes some progress made in 2002—2007, mentioning also that a number of its earlier recommendations aren't implemented or are only partially implemented.〔Executive summary//(ECRI Third Report on Latvia, 2008 )〕 The UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance highlight three generally vulnerable groups and communities: ethnic Russians who immigrated to Latvia under USSR, the Roma community and recent non-European migrants.〔Summary // (Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance on his visit to Latvia, 2008 )〕 Besides, he notes a dissonance between "opinion expressed by most State institutions who view racism and discrimination as rare and isolated cases, and the views of civil society, who expressed serious concern regarding the structural nature of these problems".〔(Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance on his visit to Latvia, 2008 ) Para. 76〕 ==Legal framework== Article 91 of the Constitution provides that "Human rights shall be realised without discrimination of any kind". Various laws forbid discrimination, including racial one, in various fields. Section 78 of the Criminal Law provides, as at 2015: (1) For a person who commits acts directed towards triggering national, ethnic, racial or religious hatred or enmity, Section 48 of the same law allows racist motives of a crime to be considered aggravating circumstances. Among the international instruments aimed to combat racism, Latvia is member of the Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime (since 2007), Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (since 2005, with declarations) and Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (since 1992; declaration to allow individual complaints is not made, as at June 2015). Besides, Latvia is member of some conventions forbidding discrimination, including racial, in certains fields (Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 and Convention against Discrimination in Education). ECRI's recommendation to Latvia include making the declaration under CERD and ratification of various other treaties, including Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights, European Convention on Nationality, Convention on the Participation of Foreigners in Public Life at Local Level, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.〔Para. 7—10//(ECRI Third Report on Latvia, 2008 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Racism in Latvia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|